The Claim in Context
Some public figures have made false claims that adding fluoride to drinking water poses health risks, such as reduced intelligence in children and cancer. When used at recommended levels, fluoride in drinking water is safe and effective for preventing tooth decay, which also provides benefits for people’s overall health. Extensive research has consistently demonstrated that optimal fluoridation does not pose a detectable risk of cancer or other serious health issues.
Key Facts
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Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral found in almost all sources of water. Since 1945, communities have adjusted fluoride in public water supplies to the optimal amount to strengthen tooth enamel and reduce tooth decay.
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Community water fluoridation (CWF) is supported by every major health organization, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), because it is an evidence-based method to protect your teeth from dental disease, which is almost completely preventable.
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The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) currently recommends a fluoride concentration of 0.7 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in drinking water. In 2015, the USPHS reduced recommended fluoride concentration as a result of recent evidence, environmental factors, and wider availability of fluoridated dental products.
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In the United States, fluoride levels are carefully regulated to remain within safe limits, minimizing the risk of adverse effects like fluorosis, a cosmetic condition caused by fluoride overexposure.
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Poor oral health can cause pain, impact children’s performance in school and other activities, and lead to long-term health problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory issues.
Evidence Snapshot
The AAP, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the American Dental Association (ADA) all support fluoride’s role in reducing cavities in children and adults. Studies have shown that water fluoridation reduces tooth decay by about 25% in children and adults alike. Rigorous reviews of fluoride safety have consistently found no credible evidence linking it to systemic or adverse health issues. The AAP recommends using an appropriate amount of fluoridated toothpaste, fluoride varnish treatments for young children, and visiting the dentist by a child’s first birthday as part of routine oral hygiene.
Why It Matters
Community water fluoridation plays a crucial role in promoting oral health and preventing tooth decay, especially in underserved populations. Tooth decay is one of the most common childhood health issues, yet it is largely preventable with fluoride use. Fluoridation ensures access to cavity prevention across all socioeconomic groups, reducing disparities in oral health outcomes. Poor oral health can lead to painful, disabling, and costly health conditions that can impact children’s ability to eat, sleep, focus, and attend school.
Experts Say:
“Fluoride is one of the most effective ways to prevent cavities and ensure lifelong oral health. The benefits of fluoride in water and dental care products are well-established and supported by decades of research.”
— Charlotte Lewis, MD, FAAP
Resources for Further Information
Last Updated
03/31/2025
Source
American Academy of Pediatrics