Fact Checked: Abusive Head Trauma in Children: Recognizing and Preventing a Serious Threat

Key Facts 

• Abusive head trauma is a leading cause of fatal head injuries in children under 2 years old. It occurs when a child’s head is violently shaken or suffers blunt impact.
• Symptoms of abusive head trauma include severe brain injury, bleeding in the brain or eyes, seizures, and long-term developmental delays.
• Medical evidence supports the diagnosis of abusive head trauma. Radiological imaging, ophthalmologic exams, and clinical history are used to differentiate it from accidental injuries or medical conditions.
• Prevention programs focused on caregiver education have been shown to reduce instances of abusive head trauma by teaching coping strategies for stress and frustration. 

Evidence Snapshot 

Roughly 1,300 children in the U.S. suffer from abusive head trauma each year, with one-quarter of them dying as a result of their injuries. Survivors often face lifelong physical and cognitive challenges. The condition is most common in infants under one year, as their developing brains and weak neck muscles make them especially vulnerable. 

Research has consistently validated the diagnostic framework for abusive head trauma, including biomechanical studies and clinical reviews. Prevention efforts, such as hospital-based education programs for new parents, have shown a measurable impact in reducing cases. 

Resources for Further Information